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2022-06-16|17 Oldenburg Digital Humanities Projects –Approaches and Experiences
Workshop

Linked data

Persons, Places, Events, Topics.
Experiences from epidat and Buber Korrespondenzen Digital

slides https://digicademy.github.io/DHP
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Thomas Kollatz
Digital Academy@Akademie der Wissenschaften und Literatur | Mainz
@kol_t CC-BY 4.0
epidat 🔗 BKD 🔗
research platform for Jewish epigraphy Buber-Korrespondenzen Digital
epidat
bkd
  • 249 Jewish cemeteries (places)
  • 46,810 headstones (objects)
  • 1050-1952 (dates)
  • ~6,400 correspondence partners
  • ~41,000 correspondences
  • 1890th-1965
2002-… 2021-2045
FAIR Research data should be ...
Findable provided for human readers via html5,
provided via a machine readable interface
Accesible provided in a standard format usually TEI XML, epidat uses EpiDoc: TEI XML for Epigraphic Documents for machine readable, system-independent, program-independent and structured access (and widely used by digital epigraphers); BKD uses a TEI subset
Interoperable mapped to authority files, controlled vocabularies and thesauri to maintain interoperability
Re-usable released online under an open Creative Commons Licence cc-by or cc-by-sa
for more information see also How to harvest epidat records
Ettlinger

epidat object-ID hha-4210

headstone from epidat

Ettlinger_person

epidat person-ID hha-4210-1

flowchart LR A( headstone    ):::entity -->|mentions| B(person) A -->|hasID| C( hha-4210 ) B:::entity -->|hasID| D( hha-4210-1 ) C:::id -->|mentions| D:::id click C "http://www.steinheim-institut.de/cgi-bin/epidat?lang=en&release=beta&id=hha-4210" _blank click D "http://www.steinheim-institut.de/cgi-bin/epidat?lang=en&release=beta&id=hha-4210-1" _blank classDef entity fill:#FFA07A; classDef id fill:#F4A460;

person data in TEI XML

<particDesc>
 <listPerson>
  <person xml:id="hha-4210-1" sex="1">
   <persName ref="http://d-nb.info/gnd/100458068">
    Jaakow Jokew ben Aharon Ettlinger</persName>
   <death when="1871-12-07"/>
  </person>
  <listRelation>
   <relation name="spouse" 
             mutual="#hha-4205-1 #hha-4210-1"/>
  </listRelation>
 </listPerson>
</particDesc>

What is TEI XML

The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) is a consortium which collectively develops and maintains a standard for the representation of texts in digital form. Its chief deliverable is a set of Guidelines which specify encoding methods for machine-readable texts, chiefly in the humanities, social sciences and linguistics. Since 1994, the TEI Guidelines have been widely used by libraries, museums, publishers, and individual scholars to present texts for online research, teaching, and preservation. In addition to the Guidelines themselves, the Consortium provides a variety of resources and training events for learning TEI, information on projects using the TEI, a bibliography of TEI-related publications, and software developed for or adapted to the TEI.

tei-c.org

What are authority files

authority files are databases containing a single, distinct spelling of a name (heading) or a numeric identifier for each topic, in order to collocate and disambiguate

cf. Wikipedia (en) art. authority control

flowchart LR A(hha-4210-1 ):::id <-->| __sameAs__ | B(100458068  ):::id classDef id fill:#F4A460;

Jaakow|Jakob|Jacob Ettlinger identified in …

problem(s)

epidat has 49,737 persons but only 87 have a GND-identifier …

Ettlingers books

Particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, it happens that epitaphs list books written by the deceased. From time to time, descendants also refer to books written by an ancestor. About 50 books are listed and presented in the spatiotemporal visualisation in the DARIAH-DE Geo-Browser.

Linking a book to a place to a timeperiod to a person

  • dataset with 44 records
    • bookTitle
    • Bibliography of Hebrew Book ID
    • link to epidat record
    • date of headstone
    • role of deceased: author or descendant of author

books mentioned on headstones epidat

Buber-Correspondences

sender Martin Buber
receiver Theodor Herzl
place (sent) Wien
place (received) Wien
date (sent) May 21, 1903

correspDesc

<correspDesc>
 <correspAction type="sent">
  <persName  key="P.0000001"
             ref="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118516477">Buber, Martin</persName>
  <placeName key="O.0000007" 
             ref="https://www.geonames.org/2761369">Wien</placeName>
  <date when="1903-05-21"/></correspAction>
 <correspAction type="received">
  <persName  key="P.0002131" 
             ref="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118550241">Herzl, Theodor</persName>
  <placeName key="O.0000007" 
             ref="https://www.geonames.org/2761369"
             evidence="external">Wien</placeName></correspAction>
</correspDesc>

                        
                     

☞ provide basic information about correspondence within correspDesc-Element

text

<div type="content" xml:lang="de"> 
<pb n="1"/>
 <opener> 
    <dateline>Wien <date when="1903-05-21">21.V.03</date>.</dateline>
    <salute>Hochgeehrter Herr Doctor ?</salute>
 </opener>
 <p>Gestatten Sie mir, in Erwiderung Ihres werten 
 <lb/>Schreibens von <date when="1903-05-20">gestern</date> an Sie die Frage zu richten, ob Ihrer Ansicht nach 
 <lb/>die Form von <persName key="P.0003758">Nordaus</persName> 
    <name key="W.0000028.01" type="work">Artikel</name> und die Art seiner Verbreitung geeignet 
 <lb/>waren, auf die Entwickelung der Bewegung günstig einzuwirken. Beide 
 <lb/>scheinen mir Ihrer eigenen Art <gap reason="deleted" unit="line" quantity="0.5"/> 
 <lb/><gap reason="deleted" unit="line" quantity="0.25" />so fremd zu sein, dass ich unmöglich annehmen kann, <lb/>sie hätten Ihre volle <add place="above">und innerste </add>Billigung gefunden. Unsere <name key="W.0000021.01" type="work">Stellungnahme</name> ? <add place="above">die </add>nicht<add place="inline">s</add> <lb/><subst><del rend="strikethrough">die</del><add place="above">mit der</add></subst> gewisser gegnerischer Elemente <add place="above">zu tun hat </add>? war die unseres Erachtens notwendige 
 <lb/>Reaktion. Eine wirklich starke <orgName key="K.0000001">Partei</orgName> wird es sich zum Ruhme anrechnen, <lb/>dass sie für die Meinung jedes Parteimitglieds ? <del rend="strikethrough">für </del>jede in correcter Form <lb/>ausgedrückte Meinung ? Platz hat. <g/>So die deutsche Sozialdemokratie im <lb/>Falle <persName key="P.0000444">Bernstein</persName>, während für die französische das Versagen in einem ähnlichen <lb/>Falle der Anfang vom Ende sein dürfte.<g/> <del rend="strikethrough">Nur </del><subst><del rend="overstrike">e</del><add>E</add></subst>ine gerecht und freiheitlich <lb/>geleitete Bewegung wird in der Stunde der grossen Parole jeden Mann <lb/>auf seinem Posten und alle Meinungen zu Einer Tat verschmolzen finden.</p>
 <closer> 
<salute>Mit Zionsgruss und dem Ausdrucke der vorzüglichsten Hochachtung</salute> 
<lb/><signed>Martin Buber</signed>
 </closer>
</div>

☞ markup of entities in transcription

abstract

<abstract>
 <list type="content">
    <item>Buber verlangt von Herzl eine Stellungnahme 
    zu Nordaus Verhalten in der Altneuland-Kontroverse und 
    betont die Notwendigkeit der Meinungsfreiheit innerhalb 
    der zionistischen Bewegung.</item>
 </list>

☞ provide a human readable summary

persons | organisations mentioned

<listPerson>
 <person>
    <persName key="P.0000444">Bernstein, Eduard</persName>
 </person>
 <person>
    <persName key="P.0003758">Nordau, Max</persName>
 </person>
</listPerson>
<listOrg>
 <org>
    <orgName key="K.0000001">Zionistische Partei</orgName>
 </org>
</listOrg>

☞ provides human and machine-readable indices on entities relevant to the correspondence:
one, unique key for each entitiy (person, place, organisation, work, event, keyword)

relations between entities

 <listRelation> 
     <relation active="P.0000001" name="refersTo"    passive="P.0000444"/>
     <relation active="P.0000001" name="attacks"     passive="K.0000001"/>
     <relation active="P.0000001" name="opponentOf"  passive="P.0002131"/>
     <relation active="P.0000001" name="opponentOf"  passive="P.0003758"/>
 </listRelation>
</abstract>

☞ define relations between entities
☞ create a network of entities
☞ provide structured, entity based abstract of specific correspondence

levels of editing in BKD

type correspDesc abstract text
A
B
C

Type B

provides an highly structured abstract enriched with metadata and lists of entities. It plays an eminent role in BKD.

analyse of relations of a correspondence

Buber-Herzl-relation

source: internship (Praxisprojekt) on relational data by Linnaea Söhn

analytical approach to correspondences

neo4j

Visualisation generated with the help of Andreas Kuczera

mission statement

  • focus more on relation(s) between entities …
  • … full-text (transcription of text) is (probably) less important than structured capture of content